Lesson 11
Ism fāʿil and ism mafʿūl
The doer and the one it is done to.
Ism fāʿil (active participle): the one who does the action. Basic pattern فَاعِل — e.g. ظَالِم (one who does wrong), خَالِق (the Creator).
Ism mafʿūl (passive participle): the one the action is done to. Basic pattern مَفْعُول — e.g. مَظْلُوم (one who is wronged).
For longer verb forms the active participle usually starts with مُ — e.g. مُؤْمِن (one who believes), مُسْلِم (one who submits).
Examples from the Qur'an
Ism fāʿil — the doer
- one who does wrongSurah 18:35ظَالِمٌۭ
- the CreatorSurah 6:102خَـٰلِقُ
- a believerSurah 4:92مُؤْمِنٌۭ
- one who submitsSurah 12:101مُسْلِمًۭا
Ism mafʿūl — done to
- wrongedSurah 17:33مَظْلُومًۭا