Lesson 8
Verb tenses: māḍī, muḍāriʿ, amr
said · says · say! — one root, three forms.
Māḍī (past): the action is done — قَالَ (he said).
Muḍāriʿ (present/future): the action is happening or will happen — usually begins with يَ / تَ / أَ / نَ. E.g. يَقُولُ (he says).
Amr (command): an instruction — قُلْ (say!).
Examples from the Qur'an
ق و ل — to say
- he said (past)Surah 2:30قَالَ
- he says (present)Surah 2:8يَقُولُ
- say! (command)Surah 2:80قُلْ
خ ل ق — to create
- he createdSurah 2:29خَلَقَ
- he createsSurah 3:47يَخْلُقُ
ع ل م — to know
- he knewSurah 2:60عَلِمَ
- he knowsSurah 2:77يَعْلَمُ
- know! (plural)Surah 5:98ٱعْلَمُوٓا۟